Author . Speaker . Strategist

Every 31 August, the flags go up and Malaysia remembers the day the rakyat took back the right to rule themselves. In 1957, a people once governed from London began to shape their homeland’s future. The Constitution of the Federation of Malaya gave that self-rule durable form through citizenship, personal liberty, elected institutions and divided powers. Six years later, the Malaysia Act 1963 reshaped the constitutional order for a larger federation. Read them again today,